things that i wanted to tell but

허 이것도 맨날 헷갈림 엉엉 

정리해두자. 

NFC: need for cognition 

- 적극적, 의도적, 의식적, 그리고 더 힘써서 분석하는 생각을 하고 문제를 이러한 방법으로 접근하려고 함 

/ 메져 (카시오포 & 페티, 1982 / α = .71). 

- 5-point Likert scale (strongly disagree to strongly agree)

- “Is thinking fun or boring?” 

- "How much do you enjoy or dislike situations in which you have to think hard?” 

- “Do you enjoy or dislike tasks that challenge your thinking abilities?” 

- “Do you prefer tasks that are easy or tasks that are complex?”

반면

NFA: need for affection 

- 수동적, 경험적, 포괄적 (holistic), 힘을 덜 들이며 생각을 함. 감정에 기반. 

- 경험에 근거하여 판단을 내리기 때문에 생각을 하는데 노력을 덜 함. e.g., 아 저번에 이쪽에 길이 막혔으니까 오늘도 막혔을꺼야 걍 이쪽으로 가야지.... > 아닐 수도 있고, 다른 route를 적극적으로 찾으려 하지 않음 

- 비판적인 사고를 하려는 경향이 덜하며, 설득의 저항도 적으며 미디어가 말하는 것도 더 받아들인다. 

/ 메져 (카시오포 & 페티, 1982; 카시오포 et al 1986 / α = .76) 

-“Is it important or unimportant for you to be in touch with your feelings?” 

- “Is it important or unimportant for you to explore your feelings?” 

- “How important or unimportant is it that you know how others are feeling?” 

- “Would you consider yourself an emotional or unemotional person?” 

이 둘의 방법이 메세지를 처리하는 방법을 다르게 함.

그치만 decision-making 과정은 cognitive processing style보다는 상황, 메세지의 적합도 (relevance), 사전 지식과 시간의 제약에 따라 영향을 받기 때문에 nfc, nfa & 메세지의 쏘스와 메세지 자체에 관한 비판적인 사고 간 관계 (i.e., to what degree) 를 볼 필요가 있음.

대학원생들을 위한 조언 )
 (from standford university) 
 
 1.Getting the most out of the relationship with your research advisor or boss 
 * Meet regularly - you should insist on meeting once a week or at least every other week because it gives you motivation to make regular progress and it keeps your advisor aware of your work. 
 
 * Prepare for your meetings - come to each meeting with: 
 - List of topics to discuss 
 - Plan for what you hope to get out of the meeting 
 - Summary of what you have done since your last meeting 
 - List of any upcoming deadlines 
 - Notes from your previous meeting 
 
 * Email him/her a brief summary of EVERY meeting - this helps avoid misunderstandings and provides a great record of your research progress. Include (where applicable): 
 - Time and plan for next meeting 
 - New summary of what you think you are doing 
 - To do list for yourself 
 - To do list for your advisor 
 - List of related work to read 
 - List of major topics discussed 
 - List of what you agreed on 
 - List of advice that you may not follow 
 
 * Show your advisor the results of your work as soon as possible - this will help your advisor understand your research and identify potential points of conflict early in the process. 
 - Summaries of related work 
 - Anything you write about your research 
 - Experimental results 
 
 * Communicate clearly - if you disagree with your advisor, state your objections or concerns clearly and calmly. If you feel something about your relationship is not working well, discuss it with him or her. Whenever possible, suggest steps they could take to address your concerns. 
 
 * Take the initiative - you do not need to clear every activity with your advisor. He/she has a lot of work to do too. You must be responsible for your own research ideas and progress. 
 
 2. Getting the most out of what you read 
 * Be organized 
 - Keep an electronic bibliography with notes & pointers to the paper files 
 - Keep and file all the papers you have read or skimmed 
 
 * Be efficient - only read what you need to 
 - Start by reading only the conclusion, scanning figures & tables, and looking at their references 
 - Read the other sections only if the paper seems relevant or you think it may help you get a different perspective 
 - Skip the sections that you already understand (often the background and motivation sections) 
 
 * Take notes on every paper you find worth reading 
 - What problem are they trying to solve? 
 - What is their approach? 
 - How is it different from other approaches? 
 
 * Summarize what you have read on each topic - after you have read several papers covering some topic, note the: 
 - key problems 
 - various formulations of the problem they are addressing 
 - relationship among the various approaches 
 - alternative approaches 
 
 * Read PhD theses - even though they are long they can be very helpful in quickly learning about what has been done in some field. Especially focus on: 
 - Background sections 
 - Method sections 
 - Your advisor's thesis - this will give you an idea for what he/she expects from you. 
 
 3. Making continual progress on your research 
 
 * Keep a journal of your ideas - write down everything you are thinking about even if you think it is stupid. It will help you keep track of your progress and keep you from going in circles. Do not plan to share it with anyone, so you can write freely. 
 
 * Set some reasonable goals with deadlines 
 - Identify key tasks that need to be completed 
 - Set a reasonable date for completing them (on the order of weeks or months). 
 - Share this with your advisor or enlist your advisor’s help in creating the goals and deadlines. 
 - Set some deadlines that you must keep (e.g., volunteer to give a student seminar on your research, work toward a conference paper submission deadline, etc.) 
 
 * Keep a to do list - Checking off things on a to do list can feel very rewarding when you are working on a long-term project. 
 - List the small tasks that can be done in about an hour 
 - Pick at least one that has to be completed each day 
 
 * Continually update your: 
 - Problem statement 
 - Goals 
 - Approach (or a list of possible approaches) 
 - One-minute version of your research (aka the elevator ride summary) 
 - Five-minute version of your research 
 
 * Discuss your research with anyone who will listen - use your fellow students, friends, family, etc. to practice discussing your research on various levels. They may have useful insights or you may find that verbalizing your ideas clarifies them for yourself. 
 
 * Write about your work 
 - Early stage: Write short idea papers and share them with your advisor and colleagues. 
 - Intermediate stage: Find workshops and conferences for submitting preliminary results. This can also help you set deadlines. 
 - Advanced stage: Target relevant journals. 
 
 * Avoid distractions - it is easy to ignore your research in favor of more structured tasks such as taking classes, teaching classes, organizing student activities, creating web pages like this, etc. 
 Minimize these kinds of activities or commitments. 
 
 * Confront your fears and weaknesses 
 - If you are afraid of public speaking, volunteer to give lots of talks. 
 - If you are afraid your ideas are stupid, discuss them with someone. 
 - If you are afraid of writing, write something about your research every day. 
 
 * Balance reading, thinking, writing and hacking - often research needs to be an iterative process across all of those tasks. 
 
 4. Finding a thesis topic or formulating a research plan 
 
 * Pick something you find interesting - if you work on something solely because your advisor wants you to, it will be difficult to stay motivated. 
 
 * Pick something your advisor finds interesting - if your advisor doesn't find it interesting he/she is unlikely to devote much time to your research. He/she will be even more motivated to help you if your project is on their critical path (although this has down sides too!). 
 
 * Pick something the research community will find interesting -if you want to make yourself marketable. 
 
 * Make sure it addresses a real problem 
 
 * Remember that your topic will evolve as work on it 
 
 * Pick something that is narrow enough that it can be done in a reasonable time frame 
 
 * Have realistic expectations (i.e. Don't expect the Nobel Prize) 
 
 * Don't worry that you will be stuck in this area for the rest of your career. It is very likely that you will be doing very different research after you graduate. 
 
 5. Characteristics to look for in a good advisor, mentor, boss, or committee member 
 
 It is unreasonable to expect one person to have all of the qualities you desire. You should choose thesis committee members who are strong in the areas where your advisor is weak. 
 
 * Willing to meet with you regularly (about 1 hour every week or every other week) 
 * You can trust him/her to 
 - Give you credit for the work you do 
 - Defend your work when you are not around 
 - Speak well of you and your capabilities 
 - Tell you when your work is or is not good enough 
 - Help you graduate in a reasonable time frame 
 - Look out for you professionally and personally 
 * Is interested in your topic 
 
 * Has good personal and communication skills 
 - You can talk freely and easily about research ideas 
 - Tells you when you are doing something stupid 
 - Patient 
 - Never feels threatened by your capabilities 
 - Helps motivate you and keep you unstuck 
 * Has good technical skills 
 - Can provide constructive criticism of papers you write or talks you give 
 - Knows if what you are doing is good enough for a good thesis 
 - Can help you figure out what you are not doing well 
 - Can help you improve your skills 
 - Can suggest related articles to read or people to talk to 
 - Can tell you or help you discover if what you are doing has already been done 
 - Can help you set and obtain reasonable goals 
 
 * Will be around until you finish 
 * Is well respected in his/her field 
 * Has good connections for the type of job you would want when you graduate 
 * Willing and able to provide financial and computing support 
 
 6. Avoiding the research blues 
 * When you meet your goals, reward yourself 
 * Don't compare yourself to senior researchers who have many more years of work and publications 
 * Don't be afraid to leave part of your research problem for future work 
 * Exercise 
 * Use the student counseling services 
 * Occasionally, do something fun without feeling guilty! 
 
 대학원생들을 위한 조언(2)
 (from newsweek) 
 
 Advice from the Trenches(Excerpt from Newsweek) 
 
 We asked graduate students what advice they would give to someone considering graduate school. Here are there Top Ten 
 
 1. Know why you're going, otherwise you'll flounder. 
 2. Focus your study as quickly as you can. 
 3. Get to know the professors in the programs that interest you. 
 4. Investigate departments in terms of the student success rate. 
 5. Think for yourself. 
 6. Read as much in your field as possible. 
 7. Learn how to sell yourself in a substantial, credible way. 
 8. Know the history of your field and the basic theories. 
 9. Don't do it if money is your main motivation. 
 10. Make sure you're devoted - it's a long hand.

p. 275 

사랑이 아무리 집요해도 그것이 스러진 뒤에는 그 자리에 오는 다른 사랑에 의해 완전히 배척당한다. 그것이 사랑이라는 장소가 가지는 배타적인 속성이다. 그렇기 때문에 다른 사랑, 새로운 사랑은 언제나 가능한 것이다.

운명적이었다고 생각해온 사랑이 흔한 해프닝에 지나지 않았음을 깨달았을 때 사람들은 당연히 사랑에 대한 냉소를 갖게 된다. 그렇다면 다시는 사랑에 빠지지 않을 것인가. 절대 그렇지 않다. 사랑에 빠지는 일에 대한 두려움이 없기 때문에 그들은 얼마든지 다시 사랑에 빠지며, 자기 삶을 바라볼 수 있는 거리유지의 감각과 신랄함을 갖고 있기 때문에 집착없이 그 사랑에 열중할 수가 있다. 사랑은 냉소에 의해 불붙여지며 그 냉소의 원인이 된 배신에 의해 완성된다. 

삶도 마찬가지다. 냉소적인 사람은 삶에 성실하다. 삶에 집착하는 사람일수록 언제나 자기 삶에 불평을 품으며 불성실하다. 나는 그것을 광진테라 아저씨 박광진씨를 통해서 알았다.